Brown the beef: In a large skillet, cook ground beef and onions over medium heat until beef is browned and onions are softened, about 6–8 minutes. Add garlic, 1 teaspoon salt, and ½ teaspoon pepper, cooking for 1 more minute. Drain excess fat.
Transfer to crockpot: Add the beef mixture to the slow cooker along with beef broth, marinara sauce, diced tomatoes, tomato paste, crushed red pepper, and remaining salt and pepper. Stir to combine.
Cook: Cover and cook on low for 6–7 hours or high for 3–4 hours.
Add noodles and spinach: About 30 minutes before serving, stir in the broken lasagna noodles and chopped spinach. Cover and cook until noodles are tender.
Serve: Ladle soup into bowls, top with a generous dollop of ricotta cheese, and sprinkle with Parmesan and extra crushed red pepper if desired.